Australian Taxation - Important High Court Decision on How Trusts Are Taxed

In a unanimous decision, The High Court of Australiaassessable income by the income tax law.
has handed down its judgment in the importantSecond issue
Bamford case.The second issue concerned the question of whether
The High Court indicated the importance of this matterthe term "that share" in sub-section 97(1) was a
with the speed with which the decision came.proportionate share. In the case at hand, the taxable
Argument was heard by the court early this monthincome of the trust was higher than the distributed
and the decision was given today. It is a relatively shortincome. This was due to an error of the trustee in
document.computing the taxable income of the trust by
The case concerned two issues related to theconsidering that certain outgoings were deductible
taxation of trusts and beneficiaries.when they were not. The Commissioner assessed the
First Issuebeneficiaries on the total (correct) taxable income
The first issue related to a capital gain that the trusteeaccording to the proportion each beneficiary had
of a trust had made. The Commissioner of Taxationreceived of the distributed income. The taxpayer
("the Commissioner") argued that the capital gain wasargued that this treatment was incorrect.
not included in "the income of the trust estate" ofThe High Court decided that the Commissioner was
which sub-section 97(1) of the Income Taxcorrect and applied the decision of Sundberg J in Zeta
Assessment Act 1936 speaks. If this was correct, thisForce Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation.
meant that there was no income of the trust estate toAccordingly, when dealing with sub-section 97(1), one
which sub-section 97(1) could apply and that themust first determine the income of the trust estate
trustee would be assessed under the (punitive) taxing(according to appropriate accounting principles and the
provision, section 99A. The Commissioner argued thattrust instrument) and determine the proportion of the
the capital gain, while available for distribution under theamount that a beneficiary is presently entitled to. Once
terms of the trust deed, was not "income according tothat percentage has been calculated, it is applied to the
ordinary concepts" and could not, therefore, benet income (the taxable income) of the trust to
included in "the income of the trust estate".determine how much of that net income a particular
The High Court disagreed with the Commissioner'sbeneficiary will need to declare in their own tax return.
argument. In the view of the High Court, the termThe term "share"as used in sub-section 97(1), where it
"income of the trust estate" does not only includeappears for the second time, means proportion rather
income under ordinary concepts. It also includedthan part or portion.
statutory income and, capital gains, which are notWishing you easier business.
income according to ordinary concepts, are treated as