Capital Gains Tax and Divorce

As a general principle transfers of assets betweenor civil partners, and living together at sometime during
spouses living together, including Civil Partners, arethe tax year. The principles will therefore apply to
deemed to take place on a 'no gain, no loss' basis andtransfers which take place in the year a couple
no charge to tax will arise. The acquiring individual ispermanently separate.
treated as if the asset was acquired for aThereafter however, such transfers, even if part of a
consideration of such an amount as would ensure thatfinancial settlement arising on divorce or dissolution,
on the disposal neither a gain nor a loss would accruemay give rise to a charge to CGT.
to the individual making the disposal (section 58 TCGAThe reason is that, assuming the transfer of assets
1992).takes place in the year following separation, but when
This can produce significant opportunities for mitigatingthe parties are still married, or civil partners, then the
Capital Gains Tax (CGT) liabilities otherwise arising bydisposal will be to a "connected person" as defined in
arranging assets so as to:-the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992. Such
- Make use of individual CGT exemptions availabledisposals are deemed to take place at market value,
(currently £9,200);irrespective of the consideration changing hands, if any.
- Utilise lower and basic rate tax bands.So, take for example a husband transferring an
This can often involve the transfer of ownership ofinvestment property to his wife as part of an agreed
assets prior to disposal, often at the "last minute". Asfinancial settlement. The market value of the property
the liability for CGT follows 'beneficial ownership'at the time of transfer is £200,000 and had an
principles, rather than legal ownership, this can often beoriginal acquisition cost of £100,000. The gain
achieved by way of 'declaration' rather than thearising after taper relief and annual exemption is
physical transfer and vesting of assets in the name of£50,800 giving rise to a potential liability to CGT
the recipient. A useful tool when timescales are tight!of £20,320.
The general principles outlined above only apply toIn such cases it is imperative that the question of CGT
transfers in a tax year when the couple are married,is considered at an early stage in the divorce process.